LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

PB Planetary Boundary

MBS Mortgage-backed securities

REITs Real estate investment trusts

ROI return on investment

SRI sustainable, responsible, and impact

EDF The Environmental Defense Fund

GCC Global Carbon Council

HFI Healthy Forests Initiative

FLICC Fake experts, Logical fallacies, Impossible expectations, Cherry picking, and Conspiracy theories

CSRD Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive

dMRV Digital measurement, reporting and verification

SDG Sustainable Development Goal

NCS Natural climate solutions

CCB Standards Community and Biodiversity Standards

GSF Gold Standard Foundation

ACR American Carbon Registry

CAR Climate Action Reserve

CDM The Clean Development Mechanism

Tokenomics token + economics

OFP Open Forest Protocol

GHG Greenhouse gas

ESG Environmental, Social, Governance

ETS emissions trading systems

NbS Nature-based Solutions

Nature Tech, NT Interventions and actions to protect, sustainably manage and restore natural and modified ecosystems to address climate change mitigation, continued ecosystem service provisioning, sustainable economic development, and biodiversity preservation.Any technology that can be applied to enable, accelerate, or scale-up Nature-based Solutions.

CDM Clean Development Mechanism

C4C Capital for Climate

COTI Certification of Origin and Traceability Implementation Initiative

NaaAC Nature Qualify as an Asset Class

N4C Nature for Climate

VCM Voluntary Carbon Market

VOC Stands for Volatile Organic Compound and are organic and man-made chemicals that impact indoor air quality and may pose health risks. A VOC is not a GHG. VOC’s are often found in building materials, home and personal products, and activities such as smoking cigarettes or burning wood.

PES payments for ecosystem services

IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change released a fresh report card

WCW Who Cares Wins was initiated by the UN Secretary General and UN Global Compact in 2004 in collaboration with the Swiss government.

WRC Stands for Water Restoration Certificate and is a certificate confirming the purchase of 1,000 gallons of water to offset water usage and restore critical rivers or streams, particularly at times when water is needed the most.

COP Conference of the Parties

IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

IEA International Energy Agency's

RFI Refurbishment and Fabrication Integration

Jargon

Environment jargon

planetary boundaries and frontier مرزها و مرزهای سیاره ای

biodiversity loss از دست دادن تنوع زیستی

disaster displacement جابجایی فاجعه

energy grid deficiencies کمبودهای شبکه انرژی

carbon accounting systems سیستم های حسابداری کربن

emissions reduction کاهش انتشار

footprints

decarbonization

precious metals فلزات گرانبها

reputable carbon registries ثبت های کربن معتبر

regenerative, rather than extractive or exploitative احیا کننده، به جای استخراج یا بهره برداری

degraded ecosystem اکوسیستم تخریب شده

facilitate large-scale collaboration on global issues such as climate

تسهیل همکاری در مقیاس بزرگ در مورد مسائل جهانی مانند تغییرات آب و هوا

eroding در حال فرسایش

terrestrial زمینی

vertebrate مهره داران

reef تپه دریایی

degradable substance ماده تجزیه پذیر

deterioration over time بدتر شدن در طول زمان

planetary boundary مرز سیاره ای

boreal forest جنگل شمالی

biosphere زیست کره

acidification اسیدی شدن

forest tenure تصدی جنگل

territories قلمروها

human perturbation(deviation) اغتشاش انسانی (انحراف)

terrestrial biomes: forests, woodlands, savannas, grasslands, shrublands, tundra

زیست‌های زمینی: جنگل‌ها، جنگلزار، ساواناها، مراتع، بوته‌ها، تاندرا

Technology jargon

emerging technologies فناوری های نوظهور

digital transformation تحول دیجیتال

digital environmental assets دارایی های زیست محیطی دیجیتال

procurement Digital تدارکات دیجیتال

optimizing efficiency بهینه سازی بهره وری

technical friction اصطکاک فنی

interconnectedness به هم پیوستگی

credit issuance صدور اعتبار

ReFi Jargon

Offsetting [24]

Biodiversity offsetting refers to actions, such as restoring degraded land, that are intended to compensate for biodiversity destruction taking place at a different time and place. An offset market is created when a law requires companies to offset their negative impact on bi-odiversity, through actions such as restoration projects. These actions grant the right to tradable permits to destroy biodiversity elsewhere. If a company has destroyed more biodiversity than it has permits for, it can either perform “offsetting actions” or buy permits from another company. Correspondingly, a company that owns more permits than it has destroyed can choose to sell its excess permits to another company. The legislation that creates the market determines the rules surrounding the permits.

carbon offsets=illiquid assets

Net Gain [24]

The ‘Net Gain’ principle on which is based the EU 2030 biodiversity strategy also outlines offsetting: Net gain is defined as ‘giving back to nature more than it receives from it’27. In other words, this means allowing destruction to continue, as long as you ‘compensate’ for just a little more than you destroy. The equivalent term in UN language is ‘land degradation neutrality.

Ikigai [26]

In France they would say "raison d'être" which means "reason for being". The Japanese express the same thing with one old word – ikigai. It was created by combining the expression for life ikiru and the word kai, which can be translated as "to have value, use, benefit, or even result, effect". Together, therefore, ikigai = the meaning of life.

A blend of four basic values:

• What I love — we really enjoy and bring us joy.
• What I'm really good at — i.e. "do your best".
• What will support me — let's look for an activity that will not only provide for our daily needs, but will also entertain us and we will do it to the best of our ability. As actor Will Smith and many others have said, "Too many people spend money they haven't earned on things they don't need to impress people they don't like."
• What the world needs — In every activity you can find a need for the world. Rather than looking for ways to change my profession, let's think about why I do what I do? What is the meaning of my work?

Ikigai is the answer to all four points. It's not about a concept, but about a feeling that we've been searching for all our lives.

VCM [11]

SBTi Science Based Target Initiative - An initiative that mobilizes companies to set emission reduction targets based on climate science. A collaboration between CDP, the UN Global Compact, the WRI, and WWF, the SBTi defines and promotes best practice in science-based target setting, offers resources and guidance to reduce barriers to adoption, and independently assesses and approves companies’ targets. Adopting an SBTi-approved target is one of the We Mean Business Coalition commitments

BVCM Beyond Value Chain Mitigation () - Mitigation action or investment that takes place outside of an organization’s value chain. This includes activities that avoid or reduce GHG emissions, and those that remove and store GHGs from the atmosphere. The purchase of high-quality carbon credits beyond a company’s value chain is an example of BVCM

VCMI Voluntary Carbon Markets Integrity Initiative () - An international initiative to drive credible, net zero-aligned participation in voluntary carbon markets. VCMI was established to help ensure that voluntary carbon markets make a significant, measurable, and positive contribution to achieving the Paris Agreement goals, while also promoting inclusive and sustainable development.

ICVCMIntegrity Council for the Voluntary Carbon Market () - An independent governance body that is developing and enforcing a set of Core Carbon Principles (CCPs) that establishes a new threshold standard for high-quality carbon credits in the voluntary carbon market. The ICVCM will oversee a process to determine the Eligibility of carbon-crediting programs as well as which carbon credit Categories will become CCP-Approved.

CORSIA Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation () - CORSIA is a global scheme to manage emissions from the international aviation industry. CORSIA compliments other carbon reduction measures by offsetting the amount of CO2 emissions that cannot be reduced through the use of technological improvements, operational improvements, and sustainable aviation fuels with emissions units from the carbon market. Specific eligibility criteria exists and is determined by the International Civil Aviation Organization.

Climate Contribution Approach An approach where a company purchases or invests in carbon credits or other form of beyond value chain mitigation (BVCM). In a contribution approach, retired carbon credits are not counted towards, nor represent compensation for, a company’s remaining value chain emissions. The retirement of these carbon credits represents a contribution to overall global efforts to mitigate climate change. Both money-fortonne and tonne-for-tonne approaches can both be contribution approaches if companies are using contribution claims.

Tonne-for-tonne A method for determining the nature and scale of a company`s commitment to beyond value chain. In addition to delivering on its science-based target (covering value chain emissions), a company would deliver mitigation beyond its value chain proportional to the climate impact of some percentage of the greenhouse gases emitted by that company in a defined period (e.g. in a given year or since the inception of the company). The volume of finance deployed towards BVCM would be determined by the price that a company pays per tCO2e of BVCM (in the case of carbon credits, this would be determined by market prices) and the percentage of unabated emissions that are being “matched" with BVCM in that defined period

Money-for-tonne A method for determining the nature and scale of a company's commitment to beyond value chain. In addition to delivering on its science-based targets (covering value chain mitigation), a company would channel finance into BVCM based on predefined price of unabated greenhouse gas emitted by that company in a defined period (e.g. in a given year or since the inception of the company). The volume of finance deployed towards BVCM would be determined by the chosen cost of carbon (e.g. a cost of carbon or otherwise) and the unabated emissions in that defined period

Money-for-money A method for determining the nature and scale of a company's commitment to beyond value chain. In addition to delivering on its science-based target (covering value chain emissions), a company would allocate a share of revenues or profit towards financing climate mitigation beyond the value chain. The volume of finance deployed towards BVCM would be determined by the chosen denominator (e.g. profit or revenue) and the chosen percentage

Nature Segment

Applications

• Deployment
• Measurement, Reporting, and Verification (MRV)

Deployment

Bio-geoengineering

Interventions that seek to deliberately manipulate natural biological processes for increased carbon sequestration, biodiversity preservation, ecosystem service provision, and the continued sustainable use of natural resources.

Natural Capital Management

Interventions that enable the sustainable utilization of natural capital (such as land, water, air, minerals, forests, fisheries, and wild flora and fauna) for continued ecosystem service provision to support human life and economic processes. Natural capital management includes both managed and natural ecosystems.

Sustainable Ag Productivity

Interventions that help producers boost crop yield and livestock productivity while minimizing the environmental impact of agriculture.

MRV

Biodiversity Baselining & Monitoring

The assessment of species richness in a given area through surveying, monitoring, and verification. This can include flora, fauna, and/or funga.

Forest Carbon Measurement & Verification

The process of assessing and validating the amount of carbon stored in the woody and non-woody biomass of trees as well as the rate new carbon is being sequestered into biomass from vegetation growth. Forest carbon measurement and validation is applicable to plantation forestry, natural forests (tropical, temperate & boreal), agroforestry systems and mangroves.

GHG Measurement

The assessment of the levels of greenhouse gas emissions with the unit of measure as tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e).

Mapping & Monitoring of Land & Ocean Systems

The process of understanding the topography of a given area in terrestrial and marine ecosystems, their current conditions, and how they are changing over time.

Soil Carbon Measurement & Verification

The process of assessing and validating the amount of carbon stored in global soils either as organic (SOC) or inorganic (SIC) matter. The majority of applications have focused on SOC as a climate mitigation strategy however, there is increasing awareness that SIC losses are more significant than previously thought. Soil carbon measurement and validation can be used on Agricultural land, Grassland & Savannah-type habitats.

Segment

Applications

• Connection
• Transparency

Transparency

Environmental Market Attribution

The ability to identify, track, and trace the provenance and transactions of credits or payments derived from Nature. Includes voluntary carbon markets (VCMs), payments for ecosystem services (PES), and biodiversity credits.

Land Titling and Tenure

Interventions related to land administration that make possible the determination, recording, and disseminating of information about ownership, value, and use of land and its associated resources.

Supply Chain Traceability

The ability to identify, track, and trace the provenance and journey of products and their inputs as they move along the supply chain from source to consumer

Connection

Capacity Building & Community Engagement

Any intervention that develops and strengthens an individual’s, community’s, and/or organization’s skills and ability to adopt sustainable practices. Ideally, these interventions also support decision-making that enables economic empowerment while mitigating anthropogenic impacts on biodiversity and climate change/environment.